How to Cite: Websites

Webpage with an Individual Author

If the webpage is likely to change over time, add "Retrieved (Month Day, Year)" between the Website Name and Hyperlink.

Reference Page Format:

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the page. Name of the website. URL

Reference Page Example:

Prather, S. (2021, May 6). Job training program restores historic St. Paul home. The Star Tribune.  https://www.startribune.com/job-training-program-restores-historic-st-paul-home/600170958

In-text Citation Examples:

Prather (2021) shares that ...

...(Prather, 2021).

...(Prather, 2021, para. 5).

Webpage with a Group or Organizational Author

Webpage article citations list the author, date, page title, site name, and hyperlink.

If there is no specific author listed, use the name of the organization or website name. If the author is the same as the website name, you do not need to list it the second time.

If the webpage is likely to change over time, add "Retrieved [Month Day, Year]" between the Website Name and Hyperlink.

Reference Page Format:

Group or Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage. Website name. Hyperlink

Reference Page Example:

Center for Systems Science and Engineering. (n.d.). COVID-19 Map. Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved July 13, 2022, from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

In-text Citation Examples:

According to the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) (n.d.) ...

...(Center for Systems Science and Engineering [CSSE], n.d.).

...(CSSE, n.d., para. 15).

Wikipedia Articles

Wikipedia articles are treated differently from other websites because they are constantly being updated. For this reason, you should link to the most recent archived version of the page and use the archived date in your citation. To find archived versions of Wikipedia articles click on the "View History" tab at the top of the page.

Wikipedia articles are often organized by sections. Use a section name for in-text citations to indicate where you found the information.

Reference Page Format:

Title of article. (Year, Month Day). In Wikipedia. https://www.en.wikipedia.org...

Reference Page Example:

Non-Euclidean geometry. (2022, February 9). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Non-Euclidean_geometry&oldid=1070738619 

In-text Citation Examples:

According to "Non-Euclidean Geometry" (2022) ...

...("Non-Euclidean Geometry," 2022).

...("Non-Euclidean Geometry," 2022, Importance section).

Image from a Webpage

For images found through Google, navigate to the original website to create the citation for your reference list. 

If there is no date, author, title, etc. use the rules from our Missing Information page.

Reference Page Format:

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title [Format]. Website name. Hyperlink

Reference Page Example:

Denali National Park and Preserve. (2013). Lava [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/denalinps/8639280606/

In-text Citation Examples:

Denali National Park and Preserve (2013) ...

...(Denali National Park and Preserve, 2013).